In a landmark discovery linking science and national heritage, the DOST- Forest Products Research and Development Institute (DOST-FPRDI), in partnership with the National Museum of the Philippines (NMP), has identified the wood species used in the massive frame of Juan Luna’s Spoliarium—Shorea astylosa or Yakal, a durable hardwood native to the Philippines.
The finding is part of a broader initiative to study the materials behind Luna’s historic artworks through scientific wood identification. This initiative underscores the critical role of science and technology in heritage preservation.
Included in the National Fine Arts Collection are 6 oil-on-panel paintings by Juan Luna, a seminal figure in Philippine art and the late 19th-century Propaganda Movement. Using advanced analysis of wood patterns, which are distinct for each species, DOST-FPRDI experts were able to determine the geographic origin of the artworks based on the wood species used.
Three of these works—Mi hermano en nuestra celda en la Fuerza de Santiago (My Brother in Our Cell in Fort Santiago, c. 1896–1897), Altos hornos de Vizcaya (Study for Obreros en el taller de convertidores Robert de "La Vizcaya", c. 1893–1894), and Chula Madrileña (Madrid Wench, undated)—were found to have been painted on Philippine-native species: Intsia bijuga (Ipil) and Litsea species (Batikuling). These findings indicate that the artworks were created during Luna’s time in the Philippines.
The other three paintings were confirmed to have been made in Europe, based on their wood types and characteristics.
Meanwhile, despite its visual grandeur, the type of wood used in Spoliarium's imposing frame remained unknown—until now. The identification of Yakal, known for its strength and resistance to decay, adds a new layer of understanding to one of the most iconic and celebrated works in Philippine art.
DOST Secretary Renato U. Solidum Jr. emphasized the broader implications of the study. “This is the kind of science that goes beyond the laboratory. By uncovering the very materials that hold our cultural treasures together, we are able to connect history, art, and technology.”
DOST-FPRDI Director Rico J. Cabangon highlighted the collaborative spirit behind the achievement. “This is science, technology, and innovation at work—protecting our heritage, enriching our identity as scientists and researchers, historians, artists, but most of all as Filipinos. DOST-FPRDI, through collaboration with NMP, ensures that masterpieces like Juan Luna’s Spoliarium and other works are preserved for generations to come.”
These achievements reinforce DOST-FPRDI’s leadership in wood and non-wood scientific research, and commitment to advance initiatives that protect the country’s cultural legacy, strengthen national identity, and inspire future generations.
To collaborate with its experts, visit DOST-FPRDI's website at www.fprdi.dost.gov.ph or email at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. ### (Idohna Leah B. Jomao-as, Maylin P. Smith & Michelle Arreana T. Cruz, 09 Sept. 2025)
DOST-FPRDI identifies wood species used in the massive frame of Juan Luna’s Spoliarium
Thru its wood identification service, DOST-FPRDI experts were able to determine the geographic origin of artworks based on the wood species used.
